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In the base case, the relative risk of prostate cancer-specific death for initial treatment vs active surveillance was assumed to be 0.83. Probabilities and utilities were derived from previous studies and literature review.
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To examine the quality-of-life benefits and risks of active surveillance compared with initial treatment for men with low-risk, clinically localized prostate cancer.ĭecision analysis using a simulation model was performed: men were treated at diagnosis with brachytherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), or radical prostatectomy or followed up by active surveillance (a strategy of close monitoring of newly diagnosed patients with serial prostate-specific antigen measurements, digital rectal examinations, and biopsies, with treatment at disease progression or patient choice). Active surveillance is an alternative to initial treatment, but long-term outcomes and effect on quality of life have not been well characterized. Treatment of these cancers is associated with substantial morbidity. In the United States, 192,000 men were diagnosed as having prostate cancer in 2009, the majority with low-risk, clinically localized disease. Therefore, the immunochromatographic tests seem to be satisfactory when used in screening patients with prosta-tic neoplasia, especially if we take into account the simplicity and the low cost of this method. Immunochromatographic tests had an average sensitivity of 77.5% at those PSA contents near their detection limits and 100% in samples with PSA contents at an upper range, where 95% of prosta-te tumors can be detected in association with other tests. In the range above 7 ng / mL (2.8% of the samples), 100% of both tests were positive. In this range, 42.9% of the immunochro-matographic tests of brand A and 71.4% of brand B showed positive results. 3.3% of the individuals had PSA content within the range of 4 to 7 ng / mL (values with prediction of malignancy of 30%). 212 men aged between 39 and 101 were used in this study, where three blood aliquots were withdrawn, one for the ECLIA test and the other two for the immu-nochromatographic tests with kits from two different manufacturers. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the accuracy of the qualitative immunochromatographic method in comparison with the results from the quantitative ELISA tests. However, faster and more straightforward methods are available on the market, which are usually based on the qualitative immunochromatographic me-Accuracy assessment of the immunochromatographic method (rapid test) for the qualitative determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients from the "Novembro Azul" campaign 157 thod that informs whether serum PSA levels are above 4 ng / mL, whose concentrations are present in 70 to 80% of the patients with malignant prostate tumors. Electro-chemiluminescence (ECLIA) still remains the gold standard method for determining serum PSA. The high incidence of clinically diagnosed prostate cancer in the last twenty years reflects the result of an effective screening using pros-tate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. 22 (1): 93.Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous tumor and the second cause of death due to tumor among men. Shock: Injury, Inflammation, and Sepsis: Laboratory and Clinical Approaches. 'CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE-2 VOLUME SET (With CD-ROM + Passcode for Web Site), 22ND EDITION'.
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'Book Review Cecil Textbook of Medicine 19th edition. We also considered Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, another popular US text, but chose Cecil because it predates Harrison’s by three decades. We used the Cecil Textbook of Medicine, which dates back to 1927 and is one of the most prominent and widely-consulted (by both students and practitioners of medicine) medical textbooks in the US. 'Medical modelling of obesity: a transition from action to experience in a 20th century American medical textbook'.
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